Afghanistan & Taliban – History to Present

Taliban, present prapancham antha matladukuntunna topic. Asalu ee Taliban evaru, ekkada nundi vaccharu anedhi oka question ithey, veellaki asala Afghanistan ni control lo teeskune chance ela vacchindi anedi inko question. Veeti annitiki answers teliyali ante manam mundu Afghanistan history and akkada em jarigindho telusukundham. 

History

Afghanistan, chaala years nundi baga domination ki guraina desham. 18th, 19th centuries lo Russia ki British ki madya oka great game e jarigindi. Asalu great game ante enti? 

Russian empire bayapaduthu undedi ekkada British government anni deshalu ni odisthu vatini daatukuni vacchi ekkada vallani kuda odinchi valla control lo ki teeskuntaru ani. Alage Britain kuda bayapaduthu undedi ekkada Russian empire vacchi veellani odinchesthadhi ani. 

Independence from British

Ala great game avuthunna time lo Britain 3 times Afghanistan pai war ki vellindi Afghanistan ni valla control lo teesukodaniki. 1st time in 1838 but gelavalekapoyaru, again 2nd time 1878-1880 appudu Afghanistan pai gelicharu. Gelichi vallani rule chesthundaga, But somehow malli 1919 lo inko war jarigindi ee sari British Afghanistan pai odipoindi. Finally, 1921 lo Afghanistan ki British nundi independence vacchi vallani tarimi kottindi.

Monarchy and its end

Taruvta 1921 lo Amanullah Afghanistan ni rule chesaru. Kani 1926 lo athaniki athane nene king ni ani Monarchy establish chesaru. But athanu succeed avvalekapoyaru. Dhaniki karanam Afghan civil wars. Afghanistan lo different types of tribal groups vallalo vallu kottukuni okalini okalu dominate cheskovali ani chusevaru. Andhukani Amanullah Afghanistan ni vidichi vellipoyaru. Appudu 1933 lo Zahir khan king ayyaru.

1953 lo Zahir khan cousin aina Mohammed Daoud Khan Afghanistan Prime minister ayyaru. Ah time lo Daoud khan Russia, USSR lanti countries ni chusi valla lanti communist groups and valla ideas ki attract ayyaru. Ala appude, 1965 lo Afghanistan lo oka communist party secret ga form chesaru. Ee communist party leaders Nur Mohammad Taraki inka Barbak Karmal chala important role play chesaru. Chivariki 1973 lo forcefully Zahir Khan ni king ga tolaginchesi Daoud Khan finally President ayyaru.

Ala 1973 lo monarchy anedhi end ayyindhi. Republic of Afghanistan ki president ayyaru Daoud Khan. Deenine Daoud Republic ani kuda antaru. Dhaniki karanam Daoud khan vacchaka republic anedhi vacchindi ani. And ee government ni evaru recognise cheyaledhu. Andaru idhi kevalam USSR ki puppet government ani annarui. Kani only India okate ee government ni recognise chesindi. Total South Asian countries lo India okate deenini recognise chesindhi.

Establishment of Democracy

Daoud Khan president ayyaka 1975-77 lo oka kottha constitution ni establish chesaru. Andulo women rights ni and state modernisation kosam em cheyalo anni unay. Social and economical reforms chala develop chesaru. Ala chala rakaluga Afghanistan develop indhi. But then 1978 lo saur revolution start indhi. Andulo Daoud Khan champabaddaru.

Akkada unna communist party ki founder aina Nur Mohammad Taraki eh inka communism enduku maku Islamic state kavali ani. Manam kottha Islamic principles ni base chesi Afghanistan ni implement cheddham ani propose chesaru. 1979 lo American ambassador ina Adolph Dubs tho kuda chala godavalu jarigi chivariki athanu inka Taraki kuda chanipoyaru. Appudu Amin Afghanistan ki president and kottha ruler ayyaru.  

Soviet invasion and war

Adhey year December 24th na USSR Afghanistan ni invade chesindhi. Ah time lo civil wars chala jarigevi. 1979 lo chala peddha clashes ayyevi US and USSR ki. Appude anni countries ki independence vasthu undevi.

US kotthaga vacchina independent countries ki communism start avvdaniki veelu ledhu annaru according to their Doctrine of containment. Alage USSR kuda chala gattiga nammedi communism anedi start avvali prathi country lo once communism anedi start ithey vere vidhanga deviate avvakudadu ani nammedi according to Brezhnev doctrine. Ila cold wars jaruguthu undevi US ki USSR ki. 

America’s proxy war against USSR using Pak and Mujahideen

So, USSR Afghanistan ni eppudu ithe invade chesindho ah time lo US CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) secret ga Afghanistan lo unde mujahideens ki support chesthu undedi valla soldiers ki funding chesthu train chesthu. Daniki karanam vallu valla religion ni baga nammukuni undatam valley.

So, vallu communism ki support chesevaru kadhu. valaki Islamic state e kavali anevaru. 1980’s lo Osama Bin Laden Mujahideen tho patu kalisi Afghanistan nundi USSR ni odincharu. Ala US Mujahideens ni upayoginchi USSR pai gelichela chesindhi.

Rule of Mujahideen

Mujahideens ante evaru ithe Islamic principles ni and Islamic state ni baga nammi avey principles tho country run avvali anukuntaro vallani Mujahideens anevaru. 1987lo Mohammad Najibullah president ayyaru Afghanistan ki.

Ah time lo athanu Islamic principles vatiki support chesthu undevaru. Ayana president ga undetanduku chala kastapaddaru. Daniki karanam Afghanistan lo unde raka rakala tribal groups and religions and valla madya godavalu. Memu goppa ante memu goppa memu rule cheyali ani vallalo vallaki civil wars avthu undevi. 1992 lo finally Tajik leader aina Ahmad Shah Masood Afghanistan capital ina Kabul ni capture chesaru. Najibullah ni tarimesaru.

Taliban history and how they captured power

1995-96 time lo ‘Pashtuns’ ante oka ethnic group, Sunni Muslims Afghanistan lo unde majority people. Vallani andarini gather chesi, Mullah Omar leader ga undi Taliban ni establish chesaru Osama Bin laden and Pakistan help tho. 50 members tho start chesaru ee Taliban ni.

Ela ina Afghanistan ni Islamic state ga marchali ani. Adhey time lo Afghanistan ni capture chesi ee Taliban Kandahar ni Afghanistan capital ga chesaru. Kani mottham Afghanistan ni control lo ki teeskoledhu. Northern parts of Afghanistan ki inka Ahmad Shah Masood e lead chestunnaru. Kani ee Taliban ni evaru recognise cheyaledhu. Even India. Only Pakistan, UAE, Saudi tappa. Ee

Taliban valla rules avi chala cruel ga ruthless ga undevi. Women asau bayatki rakudadu ani rule pettaru. Okavela ravali ante evaro oka man thodu ga ravali. Women ki education, employment em lekunda chesaru. Islamic principles ni chala strict ga follow ayyela chesaru. 

Conflicts with India

India Afghanistan ki manchi relation e undedi. Eppudu ithe Taliban control lo teeskunaro Afghanistan tho conflicts start ayyay. Dhaniki karanam Buddhist Bamiyan temples. Veetini Afghanistan lo develop cheyadaniki karanam India. Veetini demolish chesaru daniki karanam Islamic state lo maku temples enduku ani. Deenini India object chesindi. Inkoka karanam non-Muslims ni identify cheyadaniki signs veskondi ani Taliban Afghanistan people ki cheppindi. Ila discrimination start cheyadam valla India deenini protest chesindi. Kani taruvata occhindi peddha conflict. 

1999 lo IC814 ina mana Indian plane ni hijack chesaru. Kathmandu lo start aina plane ni Amritsar teeskellaru. Tarvutha refilling antu Dubai teeskelli akkada nundi Kandahar teeskellaru. Kandahar ante capital of Taliban. India tho chala negotiations chesaru. Plane and andulo unna janam ni safe ga unchatam kosam finally 3 main terrorists ni release cheyamannaru.

Andulo okaru Maulana Masood Azhar – URI attack, 2019 Pulwama attack, 2001 lo Indian parliament attack ki karanam ina Jaish-e-mohammed aney pakistan terrorist organisation founder. Inkokalu Mushtaq Ahmed Zargar Kashmiri terrorist. Inkokalu Omar sheikh. Veelani release chesindi India in return of 150 hostages. Ee incident taruvata India and Afghanistan madya relation poorthiga maripoindi. 

9/11 attacks and American invasion

September 11th, 2001 prapancham antha shock ipoina roju. Ah roju US meeda jarigina attacks ni 9/11 attacks antam. 4 aeroplanes ni hijack chesindi Osama Bin Laden leader ina Al-Qaida terrorist group. Two planes New York lo unna world trade towers pai attack ki vellayi. Rendu gantala lopu lo ne 110 floors unna aah towers koolipoyay. Dhanitho surrounding buildings kuda damage ayyay. Inkoka plane US military defence headquarters ina pentagon building ni destroy chesindi. Inkoka plane white house meedha attack ki velluthundaga lucky ga aah plane ni Pennsylvania lo shoot chesaru. Idhi antha George W Bush president ga unna time lo. Appudu war on terror ni declare chesindi US.

Americans ni safe ga unchadaniki and mundu mundu vere attacks evi US lo jaragakunda undataniki. Ee attacks ki karanam ina Osama Bin Laden ni handover cheyamani Taliban ni adigindi US. But dhaniki vallu oppukoledu. October 2001 lo US Afghanistan ni odinchindi. Konni rojulaki Taliban ni kuda lekunda chesaru. Kani prapanchaniki teliyani vishayam enti ante ee Taliban ni Pakistan kapadutu vacchindi. Tarvta 2011 lo US force Pakistan ki daggara lo unna Osama Bin Laden ni vethiki champesaru. Idhi oka big achievement war of terror lo. 

Ee war of terror lo only US kadhu, NATO kuda konni troops send chesaru. Fight cheyadaniki. Kani konnallaki NATO troops memu edho oka time lo Afghanistan ni vidichi vellali. So, Afghanistan lo unna police force ki training icchi vallani soldiers ga ready cheyadam better ani propose chesindhi. So trillions of dollars spend chesindi Afghanistan meedha just valla soldiers and military force ni train chesi develop cheyadaniki.

Kani barack Obama konnallaki ma US force ni tirigi teesukuntam ani annaru. Dhaniki karanam US force lo chala mandi soldiers chanipoyaru. Chala mandi handicapped ayipoyaru. But finally 2013 lo kontha mandini matrame unchutham Afghanistan lo ani oppukunnaru.

American exit plan and discussions

American troops eppudu ite Afghanistan nundi tirigi vellipodham anukunnayo appudu 2018 lo Zalmay Khalilzad ni secretary of state ga appoint chesaru. Taliban tho talks start chesaru. Because US troops ki oka honourable exit anedhi kavali annaru. So, future lo etuvanti wars avi jaragakunda haami ivvadam kosam Taliban tho negotiation ki veldham ani 2018 lo talks start chesaru. Taliban ki inkoka founder ina Mullah Baradar ni arrest chesaru inthaku mundhe. Athanani release cheyamani negotiation ki vaccharu.

Finally 2020 February lo oka peace deal ni sign chesaru. Taliban ki pettina rules enti ante- Al-Qaida tho ties pettukovaddhu, Afghanistan ni use cheskuni US meedha attack cheyakudadu, elanti terrorist group tho kuda links undakudadu ani. Ee deal sign ayyaka chala mandi terrorists ni release chesaru.

Taliban recapture

Eppudu ithey Joe Biden kottha president ayyaro appudu Afghanistan lo unna US troops ni inka twaraga US ki teeskoccheddham aney process lo Taliban nundi assurance teeskokunda, Taliban ki cheppakunda US troops ni tirigi vaccheyamani annaru. July lo Afghanistan lo unna US troops ni tirigi teeskochesaru US ki. But anukokunda august 15th, 2021 lo Taliban Afghanistan ni recapture cheskuni malli valla control lo ki teeskundhi.

Taliban malli tirigi vasthundi anukunnaru kani intha twaraga vasthundi ani evaru anukoledhu. Dhaniki karanam sagam US troops tirigi vellipovadam ithey inkoka karanam corruption ani kontha mandi antunnaru.

India and its investment in Afghanistan

Chala mandiki telisina vishayam only US eh Afghanistan force meedha chala invest chesthundi ani. But India kuda Afghanistan lo and Afghanistan tho relations maintain cheyandaniki chala ne invest chesindi. Andulo okati library ithe, inkoti Afghan-India Friendship dam (Salma Dam). idhey kakunda India nundi Afghanistan ki velladaniki Iran lo oka port kuda build chesthundi adhey Chabahar port.

Alane Zaranj-Delaram highway kuda construct chesindhi. Ee highway nundi Iran border ki easy ga reach avvachu. Akkada nundi Chabahar port ki. So that India nundi evaraina Afghanistan vellali anukunte Pakistan okavela India air spaces close chesina kuda manaki indirect route untundi ani. Adhey kakunda Afghanistan lo unna parliament kuda India ne construct chesindi. Atal Bihari Vajpayee peru tho oka block kuda undhi akkada. Infact ee parliament ni inaugurate chesindi mana Prime Minister Narendra Modi ne.

India-Afghanistan relation

Adhey kakunda India ki Afghanistan ki relations bagunnay anadaniki mukhyamaina karanam 2010 lo Afghanistan lo jarigina survey. Adhey survey lo 71% Afghanistan people India positive role play chesindi ma country lo ani annaru. Alage kevalam 2% matrame Pakistan positive role play chesindi annaru. Afghanistan ki India ki relations bagunnay anadaniki main reason Afghan players IPL lo participate cheyadam. Alane bollywood lo unna Afghan actors ni kuda aadaristhundhi India. Afghanistan students mana India lo unnaru, chaduvukuntunnaru. Afghanistan politicians valla relatives families kuda mana India lo unnaru, untunnaru kuda!

Pakistan’s role

Pakistan eh Taliban ni create chesindi anadaniki etuvanti doubt ledhu. Pakistan nunde 1996 lo Taliban journey start indhi. Taliban vere countries ki vellali anna daakovali anna  Pakistan nunde easy vellevaru and akkada stay kuda chesevaru. US meeda terror attacks kuda Pakistan nunde plan chesevaru. Mullah Baradar eppudu ithe Pakistan ki teliyakunda Afghanistan lo peace deals chesthunaro appdu Pakistan government Mullah Baradar ni arrest chesindhi.

US orders prakaram athanini release chesi US tho negotiation ki Mullah Baradar ni teeskocchindi Pakistan. Alage ey Pakistan ithe Taliban ni create chesindho, train chesindo, adhey Pakistan ippudu negotiation table ki Taliban ni teeskocchindi. Eppudu ithe Taliban Afghanistan ni capture chesindho Pakistan lo unde Islamic parties anni chala santhoshinchayi.

Why China is supporting?

1996 lo Taliban ni China gurthinchaledhu. Kani eppudu ithe Taliban Afghanistan ni 2021 lo recapture chesindho China Taliban ki kuda oka chance iddham vallani rule cheyaniddham ani annadhi. Dhaniki karanam Belt and Road Initiative. China propose chesina oka strategy idhi. Ippudu ee project safety only Afghanistan safety meeda depend ayyi undhi. Okavela Afghanistan stable ga lekapothe ekkada ee major trillions of project kuda pothundhi ani.

Adhi kakunda China Taliban nundi promise teeskundhi. China lo unde Uyghur Muslims meeda chala goralu chesindhi. Vallani labours ga use cheyadam, torture cheyadam, abuse cheyadam. Ila jariginappudu Mujahideens akkada unna Muslims ki support chesi  China pai attacks chesindhi. So malli attacks jaragakunda undatam kosam and Afghanistan ni use chesi attacks jaragakunda undatanki Taliban support kavali. Veeti vallane China Taliban ki support chesthundi ani cheppocchu.

Aftermath & Conclusion

Ippudu taliban Afghanistan ni capture chesindhi. But after 2018 and recent ga vallu icchina statements batti chusthe change ayyaru ane anacchu. Deeniki karanam women journalist tho interviews ivvadham and women ni chaduvukonistham ani anadam. Kani valla main aim matram change avvlaedhu. Afghanistan ni Islamic state ga marchutham aney anunnaru inka. Deeni batti chusthey Taliban diplomatic tho untunnaru anacchu enduku ante taliban Afghanistan lo undali ante international support kavali. August 21st, 2021 na Mullah Baradar Afghanistan reach ayyaru. Mostly athane next Afghanistan president avutharu. 

Afghanistan ni capture chesindi Taliban, mana Indian plane IC814 ni okappudu hijack chesina mana enemies. China, Pakistan manaki unna inko rendu neighbours. 3 enemy neighbour countries unnaru manaki. Afghanistan capture ayyaka mana India involve avthundha ante dhaniki answer ledhu. Present India strategic silence maintain chesthundhi. Chuddham asala em avthundi ani. Afghanistan ni kapadukovalsina badhyatha kuda mana India ki undhi. Deeniki India cheyalsina pani mana lage same threat tho unna inko 3 countries Iran, China and Russia ni kuda involve chesi andaru kalisi matladithe may be mana India ki antha threat undakapovacchu and peace kudurchukovacchu.

Let’s see asala em avthundo!

Also read Israel-Palestine Conflict Explained